The food industry

A Brazilian snack from Pará and Amazonas made from açaí berries blended into a smoothie-like base and served in a bowl with toppings.

A roasted-pepper-and-eggplant condiment from the Balkans, traditionally preserved for winter use.

A tomato-based pasta sauce from Amatrice, Lazio, made with guanciale, pecorino, chili, black pepper, olive oil or lard, white wine, and salt.

A Meiji-era Japanese dessert of agar jelly cubes served with sweet azuki bean paste, boiled peas, fruits, and black syrup.

A large platter from Colombia’s Paisa region featuring red beans with pork, rice, ground meat, chicharrón, fried egg, ripe plantain, chorizo, arepa, hogao sauce, black pudding, avocado, and lemon.

A Mumbai-born street snack of layered puffed rice, puris, sev, potato, onion, and two chutneys.

A French veal stew simmered in white stock and served in a velouté sauce enriched with cream and egg.

A coarsely minced, spiced sausage from South Africa, traditionally grilled and formed into a spiral.

A German sausage made from pork or less commonly beef, veal, or combinations, with documented regional origins across Franconia, Thuringia, and eastern Switzerland.

Unbreaded chicken wing sections, deep-fried then coated in vinegar-based cayenne hot sauce and melted butter.

A small French pastry from Bordeaux, flavored with rum and vanilla, with a soft interior and dark, thick caramelized crust.

A single-layer, unleavened flatbread made from whole-wheat atta dough, cooked on a tava and puffed over direct heat.

A tall-crust Chicago pizza with cheese layered beneath chunky tomato sauce, baked in a pan.

A grilled chorizo sausage split and served in crusty bread, often with sauce.

An Italian white bread invented in 1982, flat and holey, made with high-hydration dough and strong flour.

Duck confit is whole duck preserved by salt curing and slow cooking in its own fat.

Couscous is small steamed granules of rolled semolina, traditionally served with stew, and native to North Africa.

Dolma is a category of stuffed vegetables and leaves, traditionally filled with rice, minced meat, herbs, and spices.

A Japanese sweet made of two castella-style pancake patties sandwiching sweet azuki bean paste.

A rich Asturian bean stew made with large white beans, pork shoulder, blood sausage, chorizo, bacon, olive oil, paprika, garlic, and salt.

A toasted cassava flour dish from Brazil, often mixed with fat, salt, and smoked meats.

A small French almond cake with disputed origins in Lorraine and 17th-century nunneries, later associated with Paris financiers.

A pufferfish food tradition whose preparation requires specialist controls.

Galbi is grilled beef short ribs, typically marinated in soy sauce, garlic, and sugar, and cooked on tabletop grills.

A cold, raw, blended vegetable soup from southern Iberia, traditionally pounded in a mortar.

A Japanese green tea blended with roasted, popped brown rice.

A French baked dish of raw potato slices cooked slowly in cream, originating in the Dauphiné region.

A slow-stewed Javanese dish from Yogyakarta made from young jackfruit, palm sugar, and coconut milk.

A Japanese shaved ice dessert made from pure, often spring-sourced ice, served with sweet syrup and sometimes condensed milk.

Kansas City barbecue is slow-smoked meat with a sweet, thick tomato-based sauce and dry rub, originating in early 20th-century Kansas City, Missouri.

Japanese karaage is small pieces of marinated meat or fish, coated in starch and deep-fried.

A chilled Floridian pie with a tart, creamy filling made from Key lime juice, egg yolks, and sweetened condensed milk.

A Levantine dish of spiced lean ground meat and bulgur wheat, formed into ovoid shapes and often garnished with toasted pine nuts.

A Polish meat sausage, traditionally homemade and now widely used in soups, stews, and festive meals.

Koji is a filamentous fungus—most commonly Aspergillus oryzae—or a mixture of that culture with wheat and soybean meal, used in Japanese food fermentation.

A delicate, meringue-based French confection made with almond meal, egg whites, and sugar, typically filled and brightly colored.

A small French sponge cake with a scalloped shell shape and a signature hump.

Matcha is a fine green tea powder made from shade-grown, steamed, unrolled Camellia sinensis leaves, traditionally prepared in hot water.

A breaded, fried cutlet popular across Argentina and the Southern Cone, rooted in Italian cotoletta but adapted with local meats and formats.

A French dessert of layered puff pastry and pastry cream, known by many names across Europe and North America.

Mortadella is a large Italian cured pork sausage with visible cubes of pork fat.

A cold Korean noodle dish of North Korean origin, traditionally handmade from buckwheat or starches like potato or kudzu.

A Japanese rice ball made from plain white rice, shaped by hand and often wrapped in nori.

A Tuscan and Umbrian summer salad of soaked stale bread, onions, and tomatoes.

A layered, shallow-fried flatbread from the Indian subcontinent made from whole wheat dough laminated with ghee.

A savory Indonesian fishcake from Palembang made of ground fish and sago or tapioca flour, boiled or steamed then fried before serving.

Pierogi are filled dumplings of unleavened dough, boiled and sometimes pan-fried, with traditional roots in Poland and widespread presence in North America.

A round Neapolitan pizza with hand-crushed tomatoes, mozzarella, fresh basil, and olive oil, baked in a wood-fired or alternative oven.

Raclette is a Swiss dish of melted cheese scraped from a heated wheel and served with boiled potatoes.

A syrup-soaked cheese dumpling dessert from eastern South Asia, made from chhena balls simmered in sugar syrup.

Ravioli are stuffed pasta parcels with thin dough enclosing a filling.

A dense chocolate sponge cake layered with apricot jam and coated in a fudge-like chocolate glaze.

A composed or tossed salad from Nice, traditionally built around tomatoes, anchovies or tuna, Niçoise olives, and hard-boiled eggs, dressed with olive oil or vinaigrette.

A cold, thick Andalusian tomato soup from Córdoba, made with bread, garlic, and olive oil, often garnished with ham and eggs.

Grilled pork belly with visible layers of lean meat and fat, served tableside on a griddle or gridiron.

Sanuki udon is a chewy, square-edged wheat noodle dish from Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, traditionally made with local wheat flour and niboshi broth.

Sarma is a dish of leaves—typically grape or cabbage—rolled around a filling of minced meat, rice, or both.

Thin slices of fresh raw fish or meat, served plain with soy sauce and often wasabi.

A Japanese rice cracker, often savory, sometimes sweet, made from glutinous rice dough and cooked by baking or grilling.

A Japanese green tea made by infusing whole processed leaves in hot water.

A Japanese hotpot of paper-thin meat and vegetables swished in boiling water or kelp broth, eaten with dipping sauces.

Skewered and grilled cubes of meat, traditionally lamb, with regional variations using other meats, poultry, or fish.

A clear, colorless Korean distilled spirit, traditionally rice-based, with alcohol content ranging from 12.5% to 53% ABV.

A classic French dish of sole dusted with flour, fried in butter, and served with hot melted butter, lemon juice, and parsley.

A spicy shredded green papaya salad pounded in a mortar with lime, chilies, fish sauce, and palm sugar.

A very thin wheat noodle, less than 1.3 mm wide, with documented roots in Japan by the late 14th century and earlier antecedents in Tang dynasty China.

A traditional Japanese dish of vinegared rice combined with seafood, vegetables, or meat—most commonly raw seafood.

A creamy, oily paste made from toasted, ground sesame kernels, used across multiple regions as a condiment, bread accompaniment, or ingredient in dishes like hummus.

A Japanese omelette made by rolling layers of fried beaten eggs, traditionally seasoned with soy sauce and sugar, and served in sushi or bento.

Tapioca is a starch extracted from cassava roots, used in forms including pearls, flakes, and powder.

A Japanese dish of seafood or vegetables coated in a light, cold batter and deep-fried.

Tofu is a soy-based food made by coagulating soy milk and pressing the curds into blocks of varying softness.

A Japanese deep-fried pork cutlet coated in panko breadcrumbs.

Small ring-shaped stuffed pasta from Bologna and Modena, traditionally filled with meat and cheese, served in capon broth.

Tsukemen is a Japanese ramen dish of cold noodles served separately from a hot, intensely flavored dipping broth.

A Japanese rice bowl topped with grilled eel fillets glazed in sweet soy sauce and seasoned with sanshō.

A pungent green paste made from grated wasabi rhizomes, used primarily with sushi.

A baked batter pudding from Yorkshire, traditionally made with roast meat drippings, eggs, flour, and milk or water.

An Iranian rice dish of basmati layered or topped with tart barberries, often served with saffron-infused chicken or other meats.